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tion, due to the electrification of transport and
the increased use of heat pumps in the resi-
dential and commercial sectors
6. Substantial decrease in the consumption of
petroleum products
7. Increased use of biofuels in transport to 31%-
34% by 2050
8. Dominant share of electricity in short-distance
passenger transport (45%) and significant
increase in the share of fixed rail transport
modes
9. Significant improvement of energy efficiency
for the entire building stock, and large penetra-
tion of RES applications in buildings.
10.Development of decentralized production units
and smart grids.
These ten points are derived from the implemen-
tation of two of the three scenarios that were
taken into account for preparing the energy
roadmap to the year 2050. These two baseline
scenarios are the “RES Maximization Measures”
(MEAP) and “Minimum Cost of Environmental
Measures” (PEK) scenarios.
In detail, the three scenarios are the following:
The “Existing Policies” (EP) scenario assumes a
conservative implementation of environmental
and energy policies, anticipating, on one hand, a
moderate level of CO
2
emissions reduction by
2050 (40% compared to 2005) and, on the other
hand, moderate levels of RES penetration and
energy saving. The “RES Maximization
Measures” (MEAP) scenario assumes the maxi-
mization of RES penetration (100% in electricity
generation), so as to reduce CO
2
emissions by
60%-70%, with significant simultaneous energy
savings in buildings and transportation. The
“Minimum Cost of Environmental Measures”
(PEK) Scenario is based on the same assump-
tions as the MEAP Scenario in regard to CO
2
emissions, but also assumes that the share of
Renewables in the energy mix ensures invest-
ment cost minimization.
The attraction and leverage of investment capital
for the implementation of the proposed technical
changes to the Greek energy system, is a partic-
ularly important opportunity for the economic
development in various sectors of local economic
activity (e.g. the energy sector, construction sec-
tor, commercial sector, etc.)
The cumulative level of investment in electricity
generation is set at 45 billion euros by the EP sce-
nario, 80 billion euros by the MEAP scenario and
approximately 63 billion euros by the PEK sce-
nario.
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